Pulmonary Medicine

Asthma

A common long-term airway condition that, well-controlled, need not limit daily life.

Written by Dr. Sumanth G Medically reviewed by Dr. Sumanth G Last reviewed: 01 Aug 2026

What is Asthma?

Asthma is a long-term condition in which the airways become inflamed and narrow, causing wheezing, cough and breathlessness. With the right treatment and inhaler technique, most people control it well and stay active.

Who may need evaluation

  • People with recurrent wheeze, cough or breathlessness
  • Those whose symptoms worsen at night, with exercise or triggers
  • Anyone with frequent chest tightness or flare-ups

Symptoms & signs

  • Wheezing
  • Breathlessness
  • Chest tightness
  • Cough, often worse at night or early morning
  • Symptoms triggered by exercise, allergens or cold air

Causes

  • A tendency to airway inflammation, often with allergy
  • Triggers such as dust, pollen, smoke, infection or exercise

Risk factors

  • Family history of asthma or allergy
  • Exposure to smoke, dust or pollution
  • Allergic conditions such as eczema or rhinitis

When to seek care

  • Recurrent wheeze, cough or breathlessness
  • Symptoms disturbing sleep or activity
  • A severe attack — seek urgent care

Diagnosis & evaluation

  • Assessment of symptoms and triggers
  • Lung function testing where indicated
  • Review of inhaler technique

Treatment & management

  • Inhaler therapy for control and relief
  • Correct inhaler-technique training
  • A personalised action plan for flare-ups
  • Trigger avoidance and follow-up

Prevention & lifestyle

  • Taking preventer treatment as advised
  • Avoiding known triggers
  • Prompt treatment of flare-ups

What to expect at your visit

  • A clear explanation of your asthma
  • A simple daily plan and inhaler check
  • Follow-up to confirm good control

A note on health information: Content on this website is for general awareness and does not replace a consultation. For diagnosis or treatment, please book an appointment with the relevant specialist at Parijatha Healthcare Clinic. In an emergency, call your nearest hospital immediately.

Questions

Asthma — FAQs

Will my child or I need inhalers forever?

Asthma is long-term, but treatment is adjusted to the least needed for good control. Many people use inhalers only as their symptoms require, guided by their plan.

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